Urinary incontinence is the unintentional loss of urine, ranging from small leaks to a complete inability to control bladder flow. It is a common condition that can affect both men and women, though it is more prevalent in women due to factors such as pregnancy, childbirth, and menopause. While not usually serious, it can impact quality of life, causing embarrassment, anxiety, and changes in daily habits.

There are several types of urinary incontinence. Stress incontinence occurs when physical movement or pressure — such as coughing, sneezing, or exercising — causes leaks. Urge incontinence involves a sudden, intense need to urinate followed by involuntary leakage. Overflow incontinence happens when the bladder doesn’t empty completely, leading to dribbling. Some people experience mixed incontinence, which combines more than one type.

Common causes include weakened pelvic floor muscles, nerve damage, urinary tract infections, and certain medications. Hormonal changes during menopause, prostate problems in men, and conditions such as diabetes or obesity can also contribute. In some cases, lifestyle habits like excessive caffeine or alcohol intake can aggravate symptoms.